Posankha foni yam'manja, anthu ambiri amadziyang'ana pafupi ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito, amawonetsera komanso mwina kusungirako malinga ndi zida zojambulira. Masiku ano mafoni a m'manja nthawi zambiri amakhala nawo pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo zomwe sangathe kupereka malinga ndi magawo a thupi, nthawi zambiri amapanga ndi mapulogalamu.
Lero tiyesa kuyankha mafunso monga: Kodi kuchuluka kwa ma megapixel mu mafoni am'manja kuli ndi vuto kapena momwe mungapangire chisankho mwanzeru pogula foni yamakono potengera luso la kujambula?
Kodi ma megapixels amafunikira?
Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti opanga mafoni ambiri amabetcha pamtengo uwu pankhani yamalonda. Komabe, kodi kuchuluka kwa ma megapixel ndi chizindikiro chokhacho chomwe tingaweruzire luso la kamera pazida zathu?
Zithunzi
Yankho ndi ayi, kuchuluka kwa ma megapixels sizinthu zokhazo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira pogula foni. Ngakhale ndizofunika kwambiri, zinthu zina ndi zigawo zomwe zimapanga kamera zimakhudzanso ubwino wa zithunzi zomwe zimachokera. Pamapeto pake, zimabwera pakulumikizana kwa hardware, mapulogalamu, komanso zomwe mumakonda.
Pobowo
Tikamalankhula za kujambula, kuchuluka kofunikira kwambiri ndikopepuka. Makamera odziwa ntchito makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito pobowo, komwe ndi kukula kwa kutsegulira kwa lens, kuti azitha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe amalandira, ngakhale nthawi yowonekera kapena mawonekedwe a ISO amakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala komwe kumalowa. Komabe, ma foni a m'manja ambiri alibe mwayi wokhala ndi kabowo kosinthika, ngakhale pali zosiyana. Samsung, mwachitsanzo, idatulutsa mafoni angapo odziwika bwino zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndipo Huawei pakadali pano ali ndi mtundu wa Mate 50 womwe ulinso ndi izi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, opanga safuna kutaya malo ambiri a chipangizocho kapena kuwononga kwambiri kuyika chophimba m'mafoni awo. Zotsatira za kuwala zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kabowo zimatha kukwaniritsidwa bwino kudzera pa mapulogalamu. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kunyalanyaza kwathunthu parameter iyi. Kawirikawiri, kabowo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala kokulirapo, kuwala kowonjezereka kwa kamera kamene kangathe kugwira ntchito, komwe kumakhala kofunikira. Kubowo kumayesedwa mu manambala a f, ndi nambala yaing'ono yofanana ndi kabowo kakang'ono.
Kutalika koyang'ana ndi mandala
Mfundo ina yofunika ndi kutalika kwake. Kuti mumvetse, ndi bwino kuyang'ananso njira yothetsera kamera yachikhalidwe. Apa, kuwala kumadutsa mu lens, komwe kumangoyang'ana kumalo enaake ndikugwidwa ndi sensa. Kutalika kwapakati, kuyeza ma millimeters, ndiye mtunda wapakati pa sensa ndi pomwe kuwala kumalumikizana. M'munsi mwake ndi, kufalikira kwa ngodya ya maonekedwe, ndipo mosiyana, kumtunda kwa kutalika kwake, kumachepetsera mawonekedwe.
Kutalika kwa kamera ya foni yam'manja ndi pafupifupi 4 mm, koma nambalayi ilibe tanthauzo kuchokera pazithunzi. M'malo mwake, chiwerengerochi chimaperekedwa mofanana ndi 35mm, chomwe chingafuneke kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwewo pa kamera yazithunzi zonse.
Zithunzi
Nambala yapamwamba kapena yotsika si yabwinoko kapena yoipitsitsa, koma mafoni ambiri masiku ano ali ndi kamera imodzi yayikulu yokhala ndi utali wotalikirapo waufupi chifukwa ogwiritsa ntchito amafuna kujambula mokulirapo momwe angathere pazithunzi zawo. Mudzayamikanso izi mukamasewera ma vlogging, mwachitsanzo. Ndi mandala akulu akulu, mutenga malo ochulukirapo ndipo simudzasowa nthawi zambiri kuti mupeze zinthu monga selfie sticks, zonyamula zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero.
Lens ndiyofunikira kwambiri pautali wokhazikika wa kamera. Imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo ndi lens yoteteza, pomwe ntchito yake ndikupindika ndikuwunikira kuwala pa sensa ya chithunzi.
Pali vuto pano chifukwa chakuti kuwala kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapindika m'njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa kumakhala ndi kutalika kosiyana. Chotsatira cha izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosokoneza ndi zosokoneza, zomwe opanga mafoni a m'manja amachita ndi zigawo zonse za chipangizocho ndi mapulogalamu. Palibe mandala abwino, ndipo izi ndi zoona kawiri pazida zam'manja, popeza tikugwira ntchito ndi timiyeso tating'ono kwambiri pano. Komabe, magalasi ena am'manja amakono amagwira ntchito modabwitsa.
Mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi
Fiziki yakupotoza ndi kuwunikira ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe ndichifukwa chake ambiri opanga mafoni sakonda kusindikiza. informace za magalasi ake pamodzi ndi zina. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, ndi bwino pankhaniyi kuyesa luso la kamera choyamba ndiyeno kusankha ngati linanena bungwe anapereka zikugwirizana ndi inu.
Sensola
Sensa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la hardware ya kamera yomwe imatembenuza deta yaiwisi ya kuwala kukhala deta yamagetsi informace. Kumwamba kwake kumakutidwa ndi mamiliyoni a ma photocell omwe amagwira ntchito potengera mphamvu ya kuwala komwe adalandira.
Maselo akamakulirakulira, m'pamenenso amajambula kuwala ndipo amatha kuberekanso zinthu zokhulupirika, makamaka m'malo opanda kuwala. M'mawu osavuta, tinganene kuti sensa yokulirapo ndiyo yabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zinthu zina monga ma pixel angati omwe sensor imakhala ndi kapena kukula kwa pixel imodzi imagwiranso ntchito.
Mitundu
Kumasulira kwamitundu yowona ndikofunikira kwa wojambula aliyense. Zosefera zamitundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzipeza, nthawi zambiri zofiira, zobiriwira ndi zabuluu. Purosesa yazithunzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi pakuwala kwa chithunzi chilichonse ili nayo informace za makonzedwe awo, omwe amamutumikira kuti apange chithunzi chotsatira. Mafoni ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito otchedwa Bayer color fyuluta, yomwe imakhala ndi 50% yobiriwira, 25% yofiira ndi 25% ya buluu (RGGB), chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa zobiriwira ndikuti diso laumunthu limawona bwino mtundu uwu kuposa ena.
Opanga osiyanasiyana adayesanso zosefera zamitundu ina kapena akuyesera kuzisintha, zomwe zimakhudza, mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Huawei, yomwe idalowa m'malo mwazosefera zachikhalidwe za Bayer ndi zobiriwira ndi zachikasu kuti ziwonjezere chidwi, zomwe zidabweretsa zotsatira, koma zithunzi zina mutha kuwona tinge yachikasu yosakhala yachilengedwe. Zomverera zokhala ndi fyuluta ya RGGB nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zithunzi zotsogola bwino chifukwa ma algorithms omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito akhala atalikirapo motero amakhala okhwima.
Purosesa wa zithunzi
Gawo lomaliza lofunikira pazida zojambulira za foni yamakono ndi purosesa ya zithunzi. Chotsatiracho, monga momwe tawonetsera kale, chimasamalira kukonza zomwe zimachokera ku sensa pogwiritsa ntchito lens. Opanga osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi vutoli, kotero sizosadabwitsa kuti chithunzi chomwecho cha RAW chidzawoneka mosiyana ndi foni ya Samsung, Huawei, Pixel kapena iPhone, ndipo palibe njira yabwino kuposa ina. Anthu ena amakonda chithandizo cha Pixel's HDR kuposa momwe amakuwonerani mwachidwi komanso mwachilengedwe iPhone.
Zithunzi
Nanga bwanji ma megapixels?
Kodi ndi zofunikadi choncho? Inde. Tikajambula zithunzi, timayembekeza kuti tidzajambula zenizeni zenizeni. Zolinga zaluso pambali, ambiri aife timafuna kuti zithunzi zathu zikhale pafupi ndi zenizeni momwe tingathere, zomwe zimasweka bwino ndi pixelation yowonekera. Kuti tikwaniritse chinyengo chofunidwa cha zenizeni, tiyenera kuyandikira lingaliro la diso la munthu. Izi ndi pafupifupi ma pixel 720 pa inchi kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso osawona bwino akamawonedwa patali pafupifupi 30 cm. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kusindikiza zithunzi mumtundu wa 6 × 4, muyenera kusankha 4 × 320, kapena kuchepera 2 Mpx.
Mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi
Koma izi zimafunsa funso: Ngati 12 Mpx ili pafupi ndi malire omwe munthu wamba amatha kuwona, chifukwa chiyani Samsung ili ndi Galaxy S23 Ultra 200 Mpx? Pali zifukwa zingapo, koma chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri ndi njira yotchedwa pixel binning, pomwe square of four imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa photocell imodzi kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso, ndikuchulukitsa kukula kwake ndikuwononga chithunzicho. Zachidziwikire, zitha kukhala zotheka kungopanga ma photocell akulu, koma kuphatikiza ang'onoang'ono palimodzi kumapereka zabwino zomwe masensa akulu sangafanane, monga zithunzi zabwino za HDR ndi kuthekera kokulitsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.
Zithunzi
Chifukwa chake ma megapixels amafunikiranso momwe zinthu ziliri pano, koma ndikofunikira kuyang'ananso zaukadaulo wina wamakamera a smartphone yanu yam'tsogolo, monga zida zamagalasi, sensa kapena purosesa. Masiku ano, pamene, chifukwa cha kuwombera mu mtundu wa RAW, tikhoza kuona pang'ono pansi pa matsenga opanga mapulogalamu, n'zotheka kujambula zithunzi ndi foni yam'manja pamlingo wabwino kwambiri.
